jPud; rpd;dkiy
(15.04.2012 md;W jpdj;je;jpapy; jPud; rpd;dkiy
gpwe;jjpdkhd Vg;uy; 17 Mk; ehis Kd;dpl;L ntspte;j fl;Liu)
ve;j xU Gy;yhq;Foy; cq;fSf;F gpbj;jkhd ey; ,iria
ey;FfpwNjh> me;j Gy;yhq;Foy; Kd;G fj;jpapdhy; Jisaplg;gl;L> Jd;gj;ij
mile;jJ vd;gij ehk; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ. mijg;Nghy> ehk; ,d;iwf;Fr;
Rje;jpuf;fhw;iw Rthrpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk;> mbgl;L> kpjpgl;L> ,uj;jk;
rpe;jp> Nghuhb jd; ,d;DapiuAk; jhafj;jpw;fhf> jpahfk; nra;j tPukwth;fs;
jhd;> vd;gjid ehk; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
me;j thpirapy; jPud; rpd;dkiyAk; xUth;. <NuhL
khtl;lk; fhq;Nfak; tl;lk;> Nkyg;ghisaj;jpy; ,uj;jpdrhkp> nghpahj;jh
jk;gjpapdUf;F Ie;J Mz;kf;fspy; ,uz;lhtJ kfdhf 18-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; 17.04.1756
Mk; ehs; gpwe;jth; jPh;j;jfphp. jd;Dila ,sk; tajpy; Nghh; gapw;rp> tpy;tpj;ij>
ky;Aj;jk;> ths; gapw;rp> rpyk;gg;gapw;rp vd midj;jpYk; ed;F Njh;rpngw;W
khngUk; ks;sdhfj; jpfo;e;jhh;.
xUehs; ik#h; kd;dd; i`jh; mypapd; rpg;ge;jpfs;>
jhuhGuk; gFjpfspy; thpt#y; nra;j
gz%l;ilfis mwr;rY}h;> Nkyg;ghisak; topahf rq;ffphp Nfhl;ilf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;Wnfhz;bUe;jdh;.
mg;NghJ> me;j topahf Fjpiuapy; te;j jPh;j;jfphp> mth;fsplk; “ahh;
ePq;fs;? ,J vd;d %l;ilf;Fs;? vd;W tpdt> “,J
jhuhGuk; gFjpfspy; thpt#y; nra;j gzq;fs;. rq;ffphp Nfhl;ilapy; cs;s jpthd;
kPuhrh`pGf;F nfhz;L nry;fpNwhk;” vd;W te;j rpg;ge;jpfs; $wp epd;wdh;.
clNd jPh;j;jfphp me;j gz%l;ilfisg; gpLq;fpf;nfhz;L>
ahh; tPl;Lg;gzk; ahUf;F? vq;fs; ehl;Lg;gzk; vk; kf;fs; Njitf;Fj;jhd;> mij
cd; jpthdplk; Ngha; nrhy; vd;W $wpdhh;.
clNd ik#h; rpg;ge;jpfs; “ vrkhd;.. me;j jpthd; vq;fis nfhd;WtpLthh;. ehq;fs;
vd;d gjpy; nrhy;tJ” vd Nfl;f> “njw;Nf
rptd;kiyf;Fk; tlf;Nf nrd;dpkiyf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU rpd;dkiy gwpj;Jf;nfhz;ljhfr;
nrhy;” vd;whh;. ,e;j epfo;tpw;Fg;gpwF jhd;> jPh;j;jfphp “rpd;dkiy” vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaNuhL
midtuhYk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;. gpLq;fpa gz%l;ilfis Vio vspath;fSf;F thhp
toq;fpdhh;. “nts;isaDf;F khj;jpuky;y> NtW vtDf;Fk; thp nrYj;j
khl;Nlhk;. vq;fs; thpg;gzk; vq;fs; G+kpapd; eyDf;fhf khj;jpuNk nrytplg;glNtz;Lk;”
vd;W md;iwf;Nf fk;A+dprj;ijAk;> Nrh]yprj;ijAk; ifapy; vLj;jth; khtPud; jPud;
rpd;dkiy vd;why; kpifay;y.
kPz;Lk; thpg;gzk; t#ypf;fg;gl;L rq;ffphpf; Nfhl;ilf;F
vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,jid mwpe;j rpd;dkiy> mq;F te;J mjidg;gpLq;fp kPz;Lk;
ViofSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;. ,jid mwpe;J rq;ffphp jpthd; fLq;Nfhgk; nfhz;lhd;. E}W
Ngh; nfhz;l Fjpiug;gilia Nkyg;ghisak; mDg;gp rpd;dkiyia ifJ nra;J tUk;gb
Mizapl;lhd;. rpd;dkiy kw;Wk; fUg;grhkp Nrh;it> Ntyg;gd; MfpNahh; ,ize;J
jpthd; mDg;gpa Fjpiug;gilia jpzwbj;Jg; GwKJfpl;L Xlr;nra;jdh;.
07.012.1782 ,y; i`jh; myp kiwtpw;Fg;gpd;dhy;> ik#h;
rPuq;fg;gl;bzj;jpy;> jpg;GRy;jhd;> jd; Ml;rpia nrYj;jj; Jtq;fpdhh;.
Mq;fpNyah;fs; mtUf;F njhy;iy nfhLj;jhh;fs;. me;j epiyapy; rpd;dkiyapd;
tPuj;ijAk; jPuj;ijAk;> Nfs;tpAw;W Mq;fpNyah;fis vjph;g;gjw;Fg; gilgyk;
Nfhhpdhh;. rpd;dkiyAk; kWg;NgJk; $whky; jd; nfhq;F ehl;bypUe;J 10>000
,isQh;fis jpul;bf;nfhz;L> ik#h; nrd;whh;.
mq;F rpj;Nj];tuk;> koty;yp> rPuq;fg;gl;bzk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy;
epfo;e;j nts;isah;fSf;F vjpuhd Nghh;fspy; ,e;jg;gil ntw;wpia fz;lJ. ,jw;F
rpd;dkiyapd; gq;F jhd; kpfr;rpwe;jjhf fUjg;gl;lJ. mJkhj;jpky;y> nts;isah;fis
ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf INuhg;gpa khtPud; neg;Nghypadplk; gilgyk; Nfl;L> jpg;GRy;jhd;
mDg;gpa J}J FOtpy;> rpd;dkiyapd; nka;f;;fhg;ghsd; fUg;grhkpNrh;it
,lk;ngw;wpUe;jhh; vd;why;> jPh;j;jfphpapd;
kPJ> jpg;GRy;jhd; vt;tsT kjpg;Gk; khpahijAk; ek;gpf;ifAk;
itj;jpUe;jhh; vd;gJ GydhFk;.
mJkhj;jpuky;y> rpd;dkiyapd; gilf;FOtpy; midj;J
,dj;jtUk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. Ntshsh;fSk;> ehaf;fh;fSk;> Ntl;Lth;fSk;>
ghisaf;fhhuh;fSk;> XkY}h; Nrkiyg;gilahl;rpAk;> fUg;grhkpNrh;itAk;>
gj;NjKfkJcNrDk;> Kl;Lf;fl;il ngUkhj;NjtDk;> nrd;dpkiyehlhUk; ,lk; ngw;W
Kf;fpa nghWg;gpy; ,aq;fp te;jdh;. ,jdhy; mth; Xl;Lnkhj;j r%f eyj;jpw;fhf ghLgl;lhNu
jtpu> rhjPaj;jpw;F vd;iwf;FNk JizNghdJ ,y;iy vd;gJk;> md;iwa
fhyfl;lj;jpy; rhjPak; vd;gJ Njitg;gltpy;iy vd;gJk; GydhfpwJ.
Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F> me;j kfj;jhd khtPud; rpd;dkiyiaAk;>
Mq;fpNyaDf;F fg;gk; fl;l kWj;j ney;iy je;j rpq;fk;
tPughz;ba fl;lnghk;kidAk;>
fl;lnghk;kid mtkhdg;gLj;jpa nts;isf;fhudpd; jiyia jd;$h;
thshy; rPtp vwpe;jhNu khtPud; Re;juypq;fj;ijAk;>
vjphpfSf;Fg; Nghpbaha; ,Ue;J ehl;Lkf;fis fhj;j khtPud;
ngUk;gpLifAk;>
Mq;fpNyaDf;F vjpuhf fg;gNyhl;ba t.c.rp iaAk;>
jd; tho;ehs; KOJk; r%f xw;Wikf;fhf> ts;syhhpd;>
tpNtfhde;jhpd; topnahw;wp tho;e;J kiwe;jhYk; ,d;Wk; ek; neQ;rnky;yhk; ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;fpw Kj;Juhkypq;fg;
ngUkfdhiuAk;>
vspikahf
tho;e;J> midj;J kf;fSk; gad;ngUk; tifapy; njhopw;rhiy Vw;gLj;jp> gl;b
njhl;bnay;yhk; fy;tpf;$lk; je;j gr;irj;jkpoh; ngUe;jiyth; fhkuhriuAk;>
md;igAk;> m`pk;iriaAk; Nghjpj;j tlY}h; ts;sy;
ngUe;jifiaAk;>
fz;zpaj;Jf;Fhpa fhapNjkpy;yj;ijAk;>
mt;tsT Vd;… fhf;Fk; flTs; vd;W
tUzpf;fg; gLfpw kfhtp\;ZitiaAk; rhjPa kw;Wk; murpay; tisaj;Jf;Fs; nfhz;L te;J>
mth;fspd; GfOf;Fk; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fk;> jpahfj;jpw;Fk;> fsq;fk; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
ik#h; kd;dd; jpg;GRy;jhd; kuzkile;jjw;Fg;gpd;dhy;
rpd;dkiyapd; gil> ehL jpUk;gpaJ. mjw;Fg;gpwF> Xlhepiyapy; Nfhl;il mikj;J>
nts;isah;fis vjph;f;fj; Jtq;fpdhh;. rptd;kiyf;F mUfpy; xUepyj;ij thq;fp mq;Nf
giltPuh;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspj;jhh;. ghisaf;fhuh;fis xd;W jpul;b mth;fsplk;
nts;isaid ntspNaw;w Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;ij typAWj;jp> mjw;fhfg; nghJg;gil xd;iw
jpul;bf;nfhz;L> Nfhit nrd;W
Mq;fpNyahplk; Nghh; nra;jhh;. jhNd Kd;dpd;W gil elj;jp midtUf;Fk;
Midapl;L ntw;wpngw;W “Nfhitf;Nfhd;” vd;W midtuhYk; miof;fg;glyhdhh;.
jpg;G Ry;jhd;
kiwtpw;Fg;gpd;> nfhq;F kz;lyj;ijj;jtpu> gpw gFjpfs; Mq;fpNyah; trkhapw;W.
mwr;rY}h; Nghhpy; Mq;fpNyag;gilfis rpd;dkiy Juj;jp mbj;jhh;. mLj;J fhtphpejpf;fiug;
Nghhpy; 1801y; fh;dy; khhh;f;];nty; gilia Juj;jp mbj;jhh;. mNj khh;f;];nty;
jiyia 1802y; Xlhepiyg;Nghhpy; jd; gsgsf;Fk; thshy; ntl;br; rha;f;fpwhh;. ,jid
mwpe;j Mq;fpNyah;fs; ngUk;gil xd;iwj; jpul;bf;nfhz;L> n[duy; `hhp];
jiyikapy; Xlhepiyf;F te;jdh;.
,jid mwpe;j rpd;dkiy
fhq;Nfak; nrd;W mq;fpUe;J thio tpahghhp Ntlk; Gide;J> godp kiyj;njhlhpy;
cs;s xUtPl;by; jq;fp ghisaf;fhuh;fSld; ,ize;J Mq;fpNyah;fis vjph;j;J
Nghh;Ghpe;J te;jhh;. rpd;dkiyia tiytPrp Njbdh;. ,dpNky; rpd;dkiyia tQ;rfj;jhy;
jhd; tPo;j;jKbAk; vdepidj;j Mq;fpNyah;fs;> rpd;dkiyapd; rikay;fhudhd
ey;yg;gid ehbdh;. ey;yg;gDk;> rpd;dkiy ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij $w clNd godpf;F
tpiue;J nrd;W rpd;dkiyiaf; ifJ nra;jdh;. ,NaRTf;F xU A+jhi]g;Nghy> fl;lnghk;kDf;F
xU vl;lg;gd;> kw;Wk; GJf;Nfhl;ilnjhz;lkhidg;Nghy. gfj;rpq;fpw;F xU
n[aNfhghiyg;Nghy> ,g;gb fhl;bf;nfhLj;jth;fs; gl;baypy; ey;yg;gDk; jd;
ngaiug;gjpT nra;J tUq;fhy ,isQh;fs; fhhp ckpOk; mstpw;F eatQ;rfj;Jf;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;lha; mike;jhd;.
jPud;rpd;dkiyiaf; ifJ nra;j
Mq;fpNyah;fs;> “vq;fNshL cld;gl;L>
vq;fs; Ml;rpf;F fl;Lg;gl;lhy; tpLjiy nra;fpNwhk;: vd;W Ngrpg;ghh;j;jhh;fs;.
jPud;rpd;dkiy ,jw;F cld;gltpy;iy. mjdhy; jPud;rpd;dkiy> fUg;grhkpNrh;it kw;Wk;
mtuJ rNfhjuh;fs; nghpajk;gp> fpNyjhh;> MfpNahiu 1500 mb cauKs;s rq;ffphp kiyf;Nfhl;il
cr;rpapy; cs;s Mykuj;jpy>; 1805 [Piy 31 Mk; ehs; J}f;fpypl;lhhh;fs;.
jPud;rpd;kiy
epidj;jpUe;jhy;> Mq;fpNyah;fNshL ifNfhh;j;jpUe;jhy; nfhq;Fehl;L eph;thfg;
nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;L thptR+y; nra;Ak; gzj;jpy; gj;jpy; %d;Wgq;if>
ngw;Wf;nfhz;L 1947 tiu RNjr rk];jhdk; Nghy nfhbfl;bg; ngaNuhLk;> GfNohLk;
tho;e;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; jd;khdk; mtiuj;jLj;jJ.
nghJthf ehk; midtUk;
Raeyj;jhy; jd;khdj;ij mbf;fb ,oe;J tpLtJ
vd;gJk;> me;j jd;khdj;ij Cl;Ltjw;fhf> tpNtfhde;jh;> ghujpiag;Nghd;w
jPh;f;fjhprpfSk;> jPud;rpd;dkiy gfj;rpq; cj;jk;rpq; thQ;rpehjd; Nghd;w khtPuh;fSk;>
je;ij nghpahh; Nghd;w gFj;jwpthsh;fSk; mbf;fb ,e;j kz;zpy; gpwe;J ekf;F
fphpahT+f;fpahf nray;gLtJ vd;gJk;> ,e;j kz;zpy; khwpkhwp> epfo;e;J
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F jPud; rpd;dkiyapd; rhpj;jpuk; tsUk; ,isQh;fSf;F ghlkhf
mikAk; vd fUJfpNwd;.
mjh;kk; jiyJ}f;Fk; NghJ>
jh;kj;ij epiy epWj;j gfthd; mtjhpg;ghh; vd;W gftj;fPijapy;
nrhy;yg;gl;lijg;Nghy> jd;khdj;Jf;F ,Of;F NehpLfpwNghJ> jPud; rpd;dkiyiag;
Nghd;w jPuh;fs; mtjhpg;ghh;fs; vd;gjw;F me;j khkdpjhpd; jpahf tho;T>
ekf;nfy;yhk; fpilj;jpUf;fpw Rje;jpug;ngUtho;T vd;gjid kwe;J tplf;$lhJ.
,e;j kfj;jhd khtPud;
J}f;fpyplg;gl;L 207 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF> me;j Gdpj kz;zhd rq;ffphp Nfhl;ilapy;
kzpkz;lgk; fl;lg;gLk; vd gyj;j Muthuj;Jf;F ,ilNa rl;lg;Nguitapy; jkpof Kjy;th;
lhf;lh; n[.n[ayypjh mth;fs; mz;ikapy; mwptpj;J ,Ug;gJ> ghuhl;Lf;Fwpa epfo;T
vd;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; tUq;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F> ce;Jrf;jpahfTk;>
Cf;frf;jpahfTk; mikAk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;.
Nf.gp.Nuh`pj;fNz\;
(nrhw;nghopthsh;> fl;Liuahsh; )
ciwA+h;>
jpUr;rp-3
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